Information this test provides       

Salt (sodium chloride; NaCl) is an essential biological molecule, and is present in most foods.  The amounts of salt vary, however, between food sources, prepared foods and processed foods. Intake of dietary salt in the latter two can readily be controlled.

Hypertension (high blood pressure) is a common affliction that can lead to strokes, heart attacks and kidney disease. A variety of medications are prescribed by physicians to reduce blood pressure, in attempts to decrease the patient's likelihood of having future health problems.

Essential hypertension (also called primary or idiopathic hypertension) is the most common type of high blood pessure (approximately 95% of affected individuals). Dietary salt can contribute to increased blood pressure, and healtcare providers frequently recommend reducing salt intake.  A number of scientific studies have identified specific genetic variants that cause an individual to be more sensitive to developing hypertension in response to dietary salt. Knowledge of one's own genetic variants can allow the individual to be proactive in adjusting their dietary salt intake for improved health.

The ACE gene encodes angiotensin converting enzyme, which is involved in vasoconstriction and vasodilation of blood vessels.  There are two forms of this gene. One includes a 287 base pair insertion (I form of the gene) that is not present in the D form of the ACE gene.  Individuals with one or two copies of the ACE I gene (approximately half the population) are salt sensitive. This means that excess dietary salt inreases blood pressure in these individuals.

By taking this genetic test, you will learn your ACE genotype (D/D, D/I or I/I).  Individuals with the D/I or I/I genotypes are salt sensitive, and should limit their dietary salt consumption.  Your comprehensive test result report will include recommended daily salt allowances bassed on your ACE genotype.

IS CAFFEINE HURTING YOU?

Learn through a simple genetic test. 

Fact: 

Almost half of the population has a gene that causes them to metabolize caffeine slower.

When these people consume caffeine, it is broken down slower and stays in their body longer.  

 Consequence:  

Scientific and medical research has demonstrated that people who are slow metabolizers significantly increase their risk for future health problems when they consume caffeine.  This can include:

• Devleoping high blood pressure
• Heart attack
• Miscarriage 

These individuals (slow metabolizers) can reduce their risk for these and other health problems by limiting their caffeine intake.

Now, you can learn whether you are a fast or slow metabolizer of caffeine by a simple and painless genetic test. 

 DO WHAT'S BEST FOR YOU! 

 Learn the facts about the effects of caffeine on YOUR health. 

This simple and painless test only needs to be performed once, and you will have the knowledge to adjust your caffeine intake for improved health.  

     Additional Information:

• Information this test provides
• Considerations based on your test result
• Lifestyle 

            This genetic test is provided by Genomic Express, Inc. for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of any diseases or disorders. Clients should consult with their own physician or other qualified health care provider for any medical or health needs.  

IS CAFFEINE HURTING YOU?

Learn through a simple genetic test. 

Fact: 

Almost half of the population has a gene that causes them to metabolize caffeine slower.

When these people consume caffeine, it is broken down slower and stays in their body longer, increasing their chances for future health problems.  These people (slow metabolizers) can decrease their risk for future health problems by limiting their caffeine intake. 

Now, you can learn whether you are a fast or slow metabolizer of caffeine by a simple and painless genetic test. 

 DO WHAT'S BEST FOR YOU! 

 Learn the facts about the effects of caffeine on YOUR health. 

This simple and painless test only needs to be performed once, and you will have the knowledge to adjust your caffeine intake for improved health.  

Additional Information:

• Information this test provides
• Considerations based on your test result
• Lifestyle 

            This genetic test is provided by Genomic Express, Inc. for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of any diseases or disorders. Clients should consult with their own physician or other qualified health care provider for any medical or health needs.  

Considerations based on your test result    

The CYP1A2 gene variant that results in slower caffeine metabolism is CYP1A2*1F , whereas the CYP1A2*1A allele results in more efficient caffeine metabolism.  After you test with Genomic Express, you will know the genotype of both your CYP1A2 genes:  *1A/*1A (non-carrier),  *1A/*1F (heterozygous) or *1F/*1F (homozygous).  Non-carriers are the fastest metabolizers of caffeine, and moderate caffeine consumption in these individuals does not appear to significantly increase health risks.  Individuals with one or two *1F alleles are slow metabolizers of caffeine. This means that ingested caffeine stays in their body for longer times.  Individuals who are either heterozygous or homozygous for the *1F allele (which accounts for almost 50% of the general population) are slow caffeine metabolizers, and may benefit by modifying their caffeine consumption.

When you undergo genetic testing with Genomic Express, we will determine and report your CYP1A2 genotype.  You will learn whether you are a fast or slow metabolizer of caffeine.  Included in your comprehensive test report will be citations of the relevant scientific and medical research publications that report correlations between CYP1A2 genotype and health risks due to caffeine consumption.  This information may allow you to modify your caffeine intake in order to reduce your risk of future health problems.

Additional Information:

• Information this test provides
• Lifestyle 

References:

Cornelis, M.C., et al. (2006)  Coffee, CYP1A2 Genotype, and Risk of Myocardial Infarction. Journal of the American Medical Association 295 (10), 1135-1141.

Sata, F., et al. (2005)  Caffeine Intake, CYP1A2 Polymorphism and the Risk of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. Molecular Human Reproduction 11 (5), 357-360.

Palatini, I., et al.(2009)  CYP1A2 genotype modifies the association between coffee intake and the risk of hypertension. J. Hypertens. 27(8), 1594-1601.

            This genetic test is provided by Genomic Express, Inc. for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended for the diagnosis or treatment of any diseases or disorders. Clients should consult with their own physician or other qualified health care provider for any medical or health needs. Genomic Express, Inc. shall not be held liable for any damages incurred as a result of the use of this information or caused by products described herein.